How to Grow False Indigo

The common name false indigo refers to several plants within the genus Baptisia, including white false indigo (Baptisia alba) and blue false indigo (Baptisia australis) . They are prized for their airy foliage and 3- to 4-foot-tall flower spikes, which feature dainty, pea-like flowers in late spring and early summer. False indigo plants suffer few problems and can thrive for decades. However, they must be grown under the right conditions with routine care to reach their full potential.

All species of false indigo originated in the Southeastern and Midwestern United States, where they occur in dry woodlands and open fields. They are adaptable to a wide range of climate conditions, although their hardiness varies according to the species and cultivar. White false indigo performs best within U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 5 to 9, but cultivars such as "Wayne's World" (Baptisia alba "Wayne's World) will survive in temperatures as low as those found in USDA hardiness zone 4. Blue false indigo grows best in USDA hardiness zones 3 to 9, as does "Purple Smoke" (Baptisia "Purple Smoke"), a hybrid variety between blue and white false indigo.

Growing false indigo requires patience because it can take several years to become established. Mature plants resent transplant, so choosing the right growing location is vital. Select a bed with deep, moist and fast-draining soil and at least 3 square feet of space for each plant. Amend poor or heavy soil with a 2- to 4-inch layer of compost to improve its drainage and moisture retention. Full sun exposure is best, although false indigo plants will tolerate light shade in warmer climates. Heavy shade causes poor blooming and leggy growth, so it is best avoided.

False indigo tolerates extended drought once established, but it looks better and blooms more spectacularly if provided with supplemental water during the summer months. Water deeply but infrequently, providing 1 inch of water every seven to 10 days during the growing season. Let the soil dry out between waterings to prevent fungal problems, especially if the plants are grown under crowded conditions. The water needs of false indigo decrease during the winter dormant period, so withhold all supplemental water from autumn until spring.

False indigo belongs to the legume family, a group of plants known for their ability to convert atmospheric nitrogen into a nutritionally viable form. As a result, false indigo requires no supplemental fertilizer apart from a light application of organic compost each year. Spread a 1- to 2-inch layer of compost in a 2-foot radius around the base of the false indigo plant each spring. Work it into the top few inches of soil, taking care not to disturb the plant's roots. Not only will the compost provide a steady source of low-dose nutrients, it will help regulate soil moisture and keep weeds at bay.

With their innate adaptability and striking appearance, false indigo plants make an ideal addition to native plant landscaping. However, they are not without drawbacks. All parts of the plant are poisonous, causing gastrointestinal upset if ingested. Although not highly toxic, false indigo plants may pose a risk to children and pets, so it is best to limit contact with them. Plant false indigo away from where kids and pets play, or install a physical barrier around the plants to prevent contact.