How to Get Rid of Japanese Knotweed

Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum), sometimes called Mexican bamboo, is a shrubby perennial that thrives in U.S. Department of Agriculture plant hardiness zones 6 through 9. Originally introduced from East Asia as a garden ornamental, its vigorous rhizomes have allowed it to escape cultivation and form dense mats that crowd out native plants. Knotweed grows in 36 states where it is typically considered a noxious weed. Although difficult to eradicate once established, you can still successfully suppress knotweed plants through mechanical and chemical means.

Grubbing effectively works for small knotweed plants or patches. When the soil is moist, use a garden spade or shovel to remove the whole plant, including the entire root system and all of the runners. Even a small, 1-inch piece of plant can resprout and start a new knotweed colony if you leave it in the soil. Bag up all of the removed plant parts and toss them into a covered trash can so the pieces can't regrow. Check the treated area twice a month to remove any resprouts.

Mowing the weeds once a week on the mower deck's lowest possible setting can sometimes reduce the plants' rhizomatous reserves enough to kill the entire knotweed plant. Mow the infested area throughout the entire growing season until the first winter frost kills the plant. Regularly cutting knotweed stems off near the soil line can also kill the entire plant by depleting its underground reserves. The Montana State University Extension recommends you cut the stems to the ground at least three times annually, making the last cutting in late autumn before the knotweed loses its leaves for the winter.

The cut stem application method is effective on established knotweed colonies or those growing near desirable plants. Glyphosate-based herbicides work well on knotweed and can be easily applied using a spray bottle. Carefully read and follow the label's instructions. Most products recommend either using the concentrate undiluted or making a 50 percent solution of concentrate and water. Cut the knotweed stems 2 to 3 inches above ground level and immediately spray the glyphosate on the cut stem. Wait at least one week before mowing or cutting the treated stems so the chemicals have time to work down to the rhizomes. Hand pull, cut or spray any new sprouts that emerge. For optimal results, treat the weeds on a late summer or early autumn day when precipitation isn't expected for at least 60 minutes after treatment.

Large knotweed populations often require a foliar application of a glyphosate herbicide to effectively eradicate the plants. Following the manufacturer's directions, mix together a 2 percent glyphosate solution, or about 2 1/2 fluid ounces for every gallon of water. Use a handheld garden sprayer to completely wet down all the foliage, but don't spray the leaves to the point of runoff. Repeat application annually until the entire colony dies. Foliar sprays work most effectively in the autumn when the weed is sending nutrients down to the roots for winter storage. Spray only when temperatures are above 65 degrees Fahrenheit.

Glyphosate is a systemic herbicide that will kill any vegetation it touches. Take care not to get the chemicals on any desirable plants or grass when mixing and spraying. Although glyphosate isn't supposed to be toxic to people or pets, keep them out of the treatment area until the herbicide completely dries. Glyphosate can cause skin or eye irritation, so protect yourself from exposure by wearing rubber gloves, protective eyewear, shoes with socks, long sleeves and long pants.